Quality of life in older adults according to race/color: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Increased longevity is accompanied by new social and health demands, such as the race/color social construct, indicating the need to identify the specific needs of older adults to maintain and improve their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to verify the direct and indirect associations of demographic, economic, and biopsychosocial characteristics with self-assessed quality of life in older adults according to race/color. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study included 941 older adults living in the urban area of a health microregion in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Older adults were divided into three groups: white (n = 585), brown (n = 238), and black (n = 102) race/color. Descriptive and trajectory analyses were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Among the three groups, worse self-assessed quality of life was directly associated with lower social support scores and greater numbers of depressive symptoms. Worse self-assessed quality of life was also directly associated with a higher number of functional disabilities in basic activities of daily living and the absence of a partner among older adults of brown and black race/color. Lower monthly income and higher numbers of morbidities and compromised components of the frailty phenotype were observed among participants of white race/color, as well as lower levels of education in the brown race/color group. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with poorer self-assessed quality of life among older adults in the study community differed according to race/color.

HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF WOMEN & CHILDREN LESS THAN FIVE YEARS AMONG THARU ETHNIC COMMUNITY IN TRIYUGA MUNICIPALITY, NEPAL

Background: Under 5yrs mortality rates among male child is 30 and among female is 26 and overall infant mortality rate 24 per thousand respectively; these are the most vulnerable groups to different morbidity and mortality, and they ought to be fully dependent on parental knowledge and awareness to meet their health needs. Health seeking behavior (HSB) has become a tool for understanding the approach of people towards the health care systems in their respective socio-economic, cultural and demographic circumstances. A Community based Methods: descriptive study among “Tharu” ethnic women with children less than ?ve years of age in Triyuga Municipality, Nepal. Semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information,, knowledge and current practice regarding health seeking behavior, including awareness and accessibility of health services. Among 406 respondents, 388 of Results: their children were reported ill within last 1 year, with fever accounting for 70%, followed by ARI (65%), diarrhea (6%) and others. Where 52.8% of respondents had appropriate HSB, taking their ill children to hospitals. More than 52% of respondents had hospitals as the ?rst preference for treatment for every morbidity. Except for access to health care facility, there was no signi?cant association of HSB was seen with parent's literacy,income, gender preference. With satisfactory Conclusion: awareness, literacy, and accessibility of health care centers, the HSB among tharu women, for the children morbidity seemed to be satisfactory in comparison to national scenario and other marginalized groups

Anthropometric indicators in traditional peoples and communities in Brazil: analysis of individual records from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, 2019 / Indicadores antropométricos en pueblos y comunidades tradicionales en Brasil: análisis de registros individuales del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional, 2019 / Indicadores antropométricos em povos e comunidades tradicionais do Brasil: análise de registros individuais do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, 2019

Abstract Objective: To describe the prevalence of underweight and obesity indicators among individuals registered as traditional peoples and communities in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, across Brazil, in 2019. Methods: This was a descriptive study using individual secondary data from participants receiving care in the Primary Health Care within the Brazilian National Health System. Results: In the study population (N = 13,944), there was a higher prevalence of short stature among male children and adolescents (14.2%), when compared to their female counterparts (11.8%); in the adult female population, there was a higher prevalence of obesity (23.0%), when compared to the male population (11.3%); the prevalence of low height-for-age in riverine communities (18.5%) and obesity in the adult faxinalense population (75.1%) stood out. Conclusion: Anthropometric disparities between different communities require tailored responses, emphasizing targeted primary health care and programs to ensure food and nutrition security.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de indicadores de bajo peso y obesidad entre individuos registrados como pueblos y comunidades tradicionales en el Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional, en todo Brasil, en 2019. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, con datos secundarios individuales de participantes atendidos en atención primaria de Salud del Sistema Único de Salud. Resultados: En la población estudiada (N = 13.944), hubo mayor prevalencia de talla baja en niños y adolescentes en el sexo masculino (14,2%), cuando se compara con el femenino (11,8%); en la población adulta femenina hubo mayor prevalencia de obesidad (23,0%), en comparación con la masculina (11,3%); se destacó la prevalencia de baja talla para la edad en comunidades ribereñas (18,5%), y obesidad en la población adulta faxinalense (75,1%). Conclusiones: Las heterogeneidades antropométricas entre comunidades requieren respuestas adaptadas, con énfasis en la atención primaria de salud y en garantizar la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de indicadores de baixo peso e de obesidade entre os indivíduos registrados como povos e comunidades tradicionais no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, de todo o Brasil, em 2019. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, com dados individualizados secundários de participantes atendidos na Atenção Básica do Sistema Único de Saúde. Resultados: Na população estudada (N = 13.944), houve maior prevalência de altura baixa entre crianças e adolescentes do sexo masculino (14,2%), quando comparados aos do sexo feminino (11,8%); na população adulta do sexo feminino, observou-se maior prevalência de obesidade (23,0%), quando comparada à do sexo masculino (11,3%); destacou-se a prevalência de altura baixa para a idade nas comunidades ribeirinhas (18,5%), e de obesidade na população adulta faxinalense (75,1%). Conclusões: As heterogeneidades antropométricas entre as comunidades exigem respostas adaptadas, com ênfase na atenção primária à saúde e na garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional.

Investigation and analysis of myopia and ocular biological parameters of primary and secondary school students in Urumqi / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the differences of myopia and ocular biological parameters of primary and middle school students in Urumqi.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey. A total of 2 495 primary and middle school students aged 7 to 18 from 4 schools in Urumqi were selected by judgemental sampling from September 2021 to November 2021 for relevant eye examination. The differences of ocular biological parameters and refractive status of students of different ages, genders and nationalities were compared, and the correlation between spherical equivalent(SE)and ocular biological parameters was analyzed.RESULTS: The detection rate of poor vision among the students was 80.36%, the detection rate of myopia was 55.91%, and the detection rate of astigmatism was 42.96%, among which the detection rate of low myopia was 63.80%, the detection rate of moderate myopia was 27.60%, and the detection rate of high myopia was 8.60%. There were significant differences in the detection rate of poor vision, myopia, astigmatism, SE and some ocular biological parameters among students of different ages and nationalities(all P<0.05). Among them, the detection rate of myopia, astigmatism and poor vision among Uygur and Kazakh ethnic groups was significantly lower than that of Han. The detection rate of poor vision and myopia among boys was lower than that among girls, while the detection rate of astigmatism was higher than that of girls. Spearman correlation analysis showed that axis length of eye, axial length to axial ratio, anterior chamber depth, and pupil diameter were negatively correlated with SE(rs=-0.664, -0.724, -0.320, -0.086, all P<0.001), and lens thickness was positively correlated with SE(rs=0.147, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi is high, and there are differences in the distribution of ocular biological parameters among children and adolescents of different ages and ethnicities.

Prevalence of anemia among primary school students from Kazakh ethnic groups in agricultural and pastoral areas of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of anemia and its influencing factors among primary school students from Kazakh ethnic groups in agricultural and pastoral areas of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into improvements of nutrition and prevention of anemia among students.@*Methods@#Grade 1 to 3 Kazakh ethnic students were sampled using a cluster sampling method from 7 primary schools in agricultural and pastoral areas of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from April to June, 2022. Demographics and dietary behaviors were collected using questionnaire surveys, and the height and body weight were measured, while peripheral blood hemoglobin was detected. Factors affecting anemia were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 2 378 questionnaires were allocated, and 2 214 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 93.10%. The respondents included 1 123 men (50.72%) and 1 091 women (49.28%), and had a mean age of (8.12±1.41) years. The prevalence of anemia was 22.49%, and the detection rates of mild and moderate anemia were 15.31% and 7.18%, with no severe anemia detected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified frequency of eating eggs (0, OR=2.532, 95%CI: 2.114-3.015; 1 to 3 times/week, OR=1.926, 95%CI: 1.648-2.216), frequency of eating meat (1 to 3 times/week, OR=1.468, 95%CI: 1.256-1.689; 4 to 7 times/week, OR=2.212, 95%CI: 1.823-2.641), frequency of healthy check-up (0, OR=2.872, 95%CI: 2.523-3.231; 1 time/year, OR=1.826, 95%CI: 1.546-2.108), monthly mean household income (1 500 Yuan and lower per month, OR=1.324, 95%CI: 1.071-1.582; 1 501 to 3 000 Yuan per month, OR=1.124, 95%CI: 1.029-1.221) and caregiver (grandparents, OR=1.175, 95%CI: 1.038-1.324; others, OR=1.241, 95%CI: 1.032-1.466) as factors affecting anemia.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of anemia is 22.49% among primary school students from Kazakh ethnic groups in agricultural and pastoral areas of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with mild anemia as the predominant type. Dietary behaviors, frequency of healthy check-up, economic status and caregiver may affect the development of anemia.

DETERMINATION OF SEX FROM FOOTPRINT DIMENSIONS AMONG NUPE ETHNIC GROUP IN MINNA NIGER STATE

Determination of personal identity is a basic and pivotal step in forensic investigations and medico legal practices. In anthropological cases, forensic identification is generally carried out through examination of the body or the remains for prints from the body. Thus, the footprint becomes an invaluable index of identification particularly when the whole body is very badly mutilated. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between footprint dimensions and sex among individuals of Nupe ethnic group of Niger State. Sample size of four hundred and twenty one (421) subjects, two hundred and eighty three (283) males and one hundred and thirty eight (138) females were used in this study. The footprints were gotten by placing the volunteers' foot on the ink pad and it was then transferred on an A4 paper, where the footprint dimensions were later measured with a meter rule. The results of this study show that sex differences were highly significant using toe lengths and breadth (P? 0.01) but the footprint indices shows no statistical significance. Footprint dimension is sexually dimorphic. Footprint dimensions can be used to determine sex in addition to or in absence of skeletons such as long bones and skull. It can be applied in forensics for medico legal cases, shoe designing, fashion design and industrial design to optimize products

Crianza kichwa en Medellín: tensiones entre lo ancestral y lo occidental / Kichwa childrearing in Medellin: tensions between ancestral and western practices / Criação Kichwa em Medellín: tensões entre o ancestral e o occidental

Resumen (analítico) El abordaje de la crianza indígena en el ámbito científico y occidental es complejo e interesante, en un contexto de realidades diversas que requieren ser visibilizadas para ampliar la comprensión de la crianza infantil. La investigación es cualitativa, apoyada en el inter-accionismo simbólico, y cuenta con la participación de cuatro familias y cinco líderes de la comunidad kichwa. Los resultados dan cuenta de la noción de infancia y de las prácticas que implementa esta comunidad para mantener la identidad kichwa. Asimismo, se evidencian las tensiones que produce la crianza, según el entorno. Como conclusión, los kichwa han buscado mantener sus tradiciones en la crianza de los infantes; sin embargo, las dinámicas de la ciudad afectan su cotidianidad, en especial en entornos citadinos como el comercio y la educación.

Abstract (analytical) Addressing a topic such as indigenous child rearing using scientific and western concepts becomes complex and interesting in a context of diverse realities that need to be examined to broaden understanding of these practices. This research study is qualitative and uses a symbolic interactionism approach. It involved the participation of four families and five leaders from the Kichwa community living in the city of Medellin. The results capture the notion of childhood for this indigenous group and the practices they implement to maintain the Kichwa identity, as well as the complexities that a non-indigenous environment creates for raising their children. In conclusion, the Kichwa have sought to maintain their traditions for the upbringing of the children. However, the dynamics of the city affect these practices, especially in urban scenarios such as commerce and education.

Resumo (analítico) Abordar um tópico como a criação indígena em escopos científicos e ocidentais torna-se complexo e interessante em um contexto de diversas realidades que precisam ser tornadas visíveis para ampliar a compreensão da criação infantil. A pesquisa é qualitativa com foco no interacionismo simbólico, e contou com a participação de quatro famílias e cinco lideranças da comunidade Kichwa habitantes de Medellín. Os achados mostram a importância de manter a identidade Kichwa e a noção de infância partindo da própria cultura e a complexidade que traz um meio distinto de formação e acompanhamento familiar. Concluindo, o povo Kichwa tem procurado manter suas tradições desde a formação das crianças, porém, as dinâmicas da cidade e suas interações influenciam na sua cotidianidade particularmente nos meios comerciais e educativos.

Analysis of Genetic Polymorphism and Population Genetic Structure of 57 Autosomal InDel Loci in Beichuan Qiang Population / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the genetic information of 57 autosomal InDel loci (A-InDels) included in AGCU InDel 60 fluorescence detection kit in the Beichuan Qiang population of Sichuan Province and evaluate its application value in forensic medicine.@*METHODS@#A total of 200 unrelated healthy individuals from Beichuan Qiang population of Sichuan Province were typing detected by AGCU InDel 60 fluorescence detection kit. Allele frequencies and population genetic parameters of the 57 A-InDels were statistically analyzed and compared with the available data of 26 populations.@*RESULTS@#After Bonferroni correction, there was no linkage disequilibrium between the 57 A-InDels, and all loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Except for rs66595817 and rs72085595, the minor allele frequencies of 55 A-InDels were above 0.3. PIC ranged from 0.298 3 to 0.375 0, CDP was 1-2.974 8×10-24, CPEduo was 0.999 062 660, and CPEtrio was 0.999 999 999. The calculation of the genetic distance showed that Beichuan Qiang population had the closest genetic distances with Beijing Han and South China Han populations, but far away from African populations.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The 57 A-InDels in AGCU InDel 60 fluorescence detection kit have a good genetic polymorphism in Beichuan Qiang population of Sichuan Province, which can be used as effective supplemental for individual identification and paternity identification in forensic medicine.

Iniquidades raciais e indicadores biopsicossociais de idosos / Racial inequities and biopsychosocial indicators in older adults / Inequidades raciales e indicadores biopsicosociales en las personas mayores

Resumo Objetivo analisar a associação da cor da pele/raça autorreferida com indicadores biopsicossociais de idosos. Método estudo transversal conduzido com 941 idosos de uma comunidade na microrregião de saúde no Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no domicílio e com instrumentos validados no país. Procedeu-se à análise descritiva e regressão logística binária, multinomial e linear (p<0,05). Resultados a autodeclaração de cor/raça branca predominou entre os idosos (63,8%). A cor/raça preta foi fator de proteção para a autoavaliação da saúde péssima/má (OR=0,40) e regular (OR=0,44) e para o indicativo de sintomas depressivos (OR=0,43); e associou-se ao maior escore de apoio social (β=3,60) e ao menor número de morbidades (β=-0,78). Conclusão os achados denotam que, independentemente de características sociodemográficas e econômicas, os idosos da cor/raça preta apresentaram os melhores desfechos dos indicadores biopsicossociais.

Abstract Objective to analyze the association of self-reported skin color/race with biopsychosocial indicators in older adults. Method cross-sectional study conducted with a total of 941 older adults from a health micro-region in Brazil. Data were collected at home with instruments validated for the country. Descriptive analysis and binary, multinomial and linear logistic regression (p<0.05) were performed. Results Most older adults were self-declared white color/race (63.8%). Black color/race was a protective factor for negative (OR=0.40) and regular (OR=0.44) self-rated health perception and for the indicative of depressive symptoms (OR=0.43); and it was associated with the highest social support score (β=3.60) and the lowest number of morbidities (β=-0.78). Conclusion regardless of sociodemographic and economic characteristics, older adults of black color/race had the best outcomes of biopsychosocial indicators.

Resumen Objetivo analizar la asociación del color de piel/raza autoinformado con indicadores biopsicosociales de personas mayores. Método estudio transversal realizado con 941 adultos mayores de una comunidad en una microrregión de salud en Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados en residencia y con instrumentos validados en el país. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y regresión logística binaria, multinomial y lineal (p<0,05). Resultados la autodeclaración de color/raza blanca predominó entre los adultos mayores (63,8%). El color/raza negra fue un factor de protección para la autoevaluación de la salud mala (OR=0,40) y regular (OR=0,44) y para el indicativo de síntomas depresivos (OR=0,43); y se asoció con el puntaje más alto de apoyo social (β=3,60) y el menor número de morbilidades (β=-0,78). Conclusión los hallazgos muestran que, independientemente de las características sociodemográficas y económicas, las personas mayores de color/raza negra tuvieron los mejores resultados de los indicadores biopsicosociales.

Perinatal Outcomes and Factors Associated with Ethnic Group in cases of Preterm Birth: the Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth in Brazil / Resultados perinatais e fatores associados à etnia em casos de parto pré-termo: Estudo multicêntrico de investigação de prematuridade no Brasil

Abstract Objective To investigate the characteristics of women who had preterm birth (PTB) and related outcomes according to ethnicity. Methods A secondary analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil. Women who had PTB were classified by self-report as white and non-white. Clinical, pregnancy, and maternal data were collected through postpartum interviews and reviews of medical charts. The sociodemographic, obstetric and clinical characteristics of the women, as well as the mode of delivery and the neonatal outcomes among different ethnic groups were compared through a bivariate analysis. Results Of the 4,150 women who had PTB, 2,317 (55.8%) were non-white, who were more likely: to be younger than 19 years of age (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.01-1.09); to be without a partner; to live on low income; to have lower levels of schooling; to have ≥ 2 children; to perform strenuous work; to be fromthe Northeastern region of Brazil rather than the from Southern region; to have a history of ≥ 3 deliveries; to have an interpregnancy interval<12 months; to have pregnancy complications such as abortion, PTB, preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM), and low birth weight; to initiate antenatal care (ANC) visits in the second or third trimesters; to have have an inadequate number of ANC visits; to be under continuous overexertion; to smoke in the first and second or third trimesters; and to have anemia and gestational hypertension. The maternal and neonatal outcomes did not differ between the groups, except for the higher rate of low birth weight (73.7% versus 69.0%) in infants born to non-white women, and the higher rate of seizures (4.05% versus 6.29%) in infants born to white women. Conclusion Unfavorable conditions weremore common in non-whites than inwhites. Proper policies are required to decrease inequalities, especially in the context of prematurity, when women and their neonates have specific needs.

Resumo Objetivo Investigar as características das mulheres com parto pré-termo e os respectivos resultados de acordo com a etnia. Métodos Uma análise secundária de umestudo de corte transversalmulticêntrico no Brasil. Mulheres com parto pré-termo foram classificadas por autodefinição como brancas ou não brancas. Dados maternos, clínicos, e da gestação foram coletados por entrevista pós-parto e revisão de prontuários. As características sociodemográficas, obstétricas e clínicas das mulheres, o tipo de parto, e os resultados neonatais dos grupos étnicos foram comparados por análise bivariada. Resultados Das 4.150 mulheres que tiveram parto pré-termo, 2.317 (55,8%) eram não brancas, que com mais frequência: eram menores de 19 anos de idade (razão de prevalência [RP]: 1,05; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1,01-1,09); não tinham parceiro; eramde baixa renda; tinham baixa escolaridade; tinham ≥ 2 filhos; realizavam trabalho extenuante; provinhammais do Nordeste do que do Sul; tinham histórico de ≥ 3 partos; tinham intervalo interpartal<12 meses; e tiveram complicações gestacionais como aborto, parto pré-termo, rotura prematura de membranas pré-termo (RPM-PT) e baixo peso ao nascimento; iniciaram as consultas de pré-natal no segundo ou terceiro trimestres; comparecerama um número inadequado de consultas; viviam sob contínua exaustão; fumaram no primeiro e segundo ou terceiro trimestres; e tiveram anemia e hipertensão gestacional. Os resultados maternos e neonatais não diferiram entre os grupos, exceto pelamaior taxa de baixo peso ao nascimento (73,7% versus 69,0%) entre as crianças das mulheres não brancas, e e a maior taxa de convulsões (4,05% versus 6,29%) entre as das brancas. Conclusão Condições desfavoráveis foram mais comuns entre não brancas do que entre brancas. Políticas apropriadas são necessárias para diminuir as diferenças, especialmente no contexto da prematuridade, quando mulheres e seus neonatos têm necessidades específicas.

Manifestações mágico-religiosas: da pureza à face oculta do cuidado à saúde e doença dos idosos descendentes de ucranianos / Magical-religious manifestations: from purity to the hidden face of health care and illness for elderly people of Ukrainian descente

Resumo: No Paraná, destaca-se um grupo de descendentes de imigrantes vindos da Ucrânia. Esse povo é reconhecido por suas manifestações culturais, que são típicas e antiquíssimas, cultivadas pelos descendentes dessa nação. Em especial, os idosos ucranianos mantêm próximos os costumes e hábitos de seus antepassados, empenham-se para manter intacta a sua identidade étnica na comunidade rural em que vivem. A busca pela interpretação das práticas culturais de cuidados à saúde e doença dos idosos descendentes de ucranianos é um meio eficaz para a construção do conhecimento na área de atuação dos profissionais de saúde e particularmente da enfermagem. Este estudo tem como objetivo geral interpretar as práticas culturais de cuidados à saúde e doença dos idosos descendentes de ucranianos, de uma comunidade rural em São José dos Pinhais, Paraná. A seguinte tese permeou o estudo: as práticas culturais de cuidado à saúde e doença dos idosos descendentes de ucranianos foram moldadas pela cultura de origem. Trata-se de estudo do tipo qualitativo com abordagem microetnográfica, fundamentado no método de Spradley e McCurdy. O tema cultural está alicerçado no referencial teórico da Teoria da Diversidade e Universalidade do Cuidado Cultural (TDUCC) de Madeleine Leininger. Foram considerados participantes chaves os idosos ? 60 anos de idade selecionados mediante critérios pré-estabelecidos de inclusão/exclusão. As informações etnográficas foram coletadas nos cenários da Unidade Básica de Saúde, espaços coletivos da comunidade e nos domicílios dos idosos, no período de agosto de 2017 a março de 2020, mediante as técnicas de observação participante e entrevista etnográfica. Os registros foram realizados de modo manual e digital, em diário de campo, gravador de áudio e máquina fotográfica. As informações etnográficas foram analisadas concomitantemente à coleta, por meio da construção de domínios e taxonomias culturais. O tema cultural emergiu após o fechamento dos domínios e taxonomias. Das análises etnográficas emergiram seis domínios e taxonomias culturais: 1) comportamentos, rituais e atividades cotidianas: uma maneira de preservar os costumes e tradições de origem dos idosos descendentes de ucranianos; 2) a farmácia do quintal de casa: ervas e plantas medicinais utilizadas para manter a saúde e evitar/tratar doenças; 3) hábitos do cotidiano: maneiras de cuidar da saúde; 4) dar e receber: locais de sociabilidade para sentir-se bem, manter-se ativo e útil; 5) itinerário religioso da casa à igreja: rituais e práticas religiosas como maneira de manter e pedir saúde, proteção e cura em situação de adoecimento/doença; 6) itinerário de saúde e práticas culturais: cuidados à saúde e doença. O tema cultural, intitulado "manifestações mágico-religiosas: da pureza à face oculta dos cuidados à saúde e doença", expressou na forma de asserção, os princípios recorrentes, o que os idosos exprimem como práticas de cuidados à saúde e doença. As manifestações mágico-religiosas expressam um representativo cuidado cultural, uma vez que se observa uma intervenção de cura mágica e poderes divinos presentes na vida desses idosos. A pureza representa a consciência ingênua dos idosos, simbolicamente expressa nas práticas que podem ser mantidas. As práticas que se revelam como uma face oculta de perigo devem ser negociadas ou reestruturadas. O estudo mostrou que as práticas culturais de cuidados à saúde e doença não foram somente moldadas pela cultura de origem, mas também estão alicerçadas em uma multiculturalidade distribuída na cultura de origem rural e nas manifestações mágico-religiosas. O estudo subsidia ações e decisões para um cuidado de enfermagem congruente com a cultura dos idosos descendentes de ucranianos, com vistas à melhoria e efetividade dos cuidados prestados.

Abstract: In Paraná, a group of descendants of immigrants from Ukraine stands out. These people are recognized for their cultural manifestations, which are typical and very ancient, cultivated by the descendants of that nation. In particular, elderly Ukrainian people keep their traditions and habits of their ancestors; they strive to keep their ethnic identity intact in the rural community where they live. The pursuit of understanding the cultural practices of health care and illness of elderly people that are Ukrainian descendant is an effective way to build knowledge in health professionals' performance, particularly nursing. This essay aims to interpret the cultural practices of health care and illness of elderly people of Ukrainian descent, from a rural community in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná. The following thesis permeated the study: the cultural practices of health care and illness of elderly people of Ukrainian descendants were shaped by the culture of origin. This is a qualitative study with a micro-ethnographic approach, based on the Spradley and MacCurdy method. The cultural theme is based on the theoretical framework of the Theory of Diversity and Universality of Cultural Care (TDUCC) by Madeleine Leininger. Elderly people aged ?60 years-old were selected as key participants based on pre-established inclusion / exclusion criteria. Ethnographic information was collected in the Basic Health Unit, also in collective spaces of the community and at the elders' home, from August 2017 to March 2020, by using the techniques of participant observation and ethnographic interview. The records were performed manually and digitally, in a field diary, audio recorder and camera. Ethnographic information was analyzed concurrently with the collection, through the construction of cultural domains and taxonomies. The cultural theme emerged after the closure of domains and taxonomies. From the ethnographic analysis, six cultural domains and taxonomies emerged: 1) behaviors, rituals and daily activities: a way to preserve the customs and traditions of origin of the elderly descendants of Ukrainians; 2) the backyard pharmacy: herbs and medicinal plants used to maintain health and prevent/treat disease; 3) daily habits: ways to take care of health; 4) giving and receiving: places of sociability to feel good, to remain active and useful; 5) religious itinerary from the house to the church: religious rituals and practices as a way of maintaining and asking for health, protection and healing in the event of illness/disease; 6) health itinerary and cultural practices: health care and illness. The cultural theme, entitled "magical-religious manifestations: from purity to the hidden face of health care and illness", expressed the recurring principles in the form of an assertion, which the elderly people express as health care and illness practices. The magicalreligious manifestations express a representative cultural care, since there is an intervention of magical healing and divine powers present in the lives of these elderly people. Purity represents the naive conscience of the elderly, symbolically expressed in practices that can be maintained. Practices that reveal themselves as a hidden face of danger must be negotiated or restructured. The study showed that the cultural practices of health care and illness were not only shaped by the culture of origin, but are also based on a multiculturalism distributed in the culture of rural origin and in the magical-religious manifestations. The study subsidizes actions and decisions for nursing care consistent with the culture of elderly people of Ukrainian descendants, with a view to improving and effectiveness of the care provided.

Resumen: En Paraná destaca un grupo de descendientes de inmigrantes de Ucrania. Estos pueblos son reconocidos por sus manifestaciones culturales, típicas y muy antiguas, cultivadas por los descendientes de esa nación. En particular, los ancianos ucranianos mantienen cerca las costumbres y hábitos de sus antepasados, esforzándose por mantener intacta su identidad étnica en la comunidad rural en la que viven. La búsqueda de la interpretación de las prácticas culturales de la atención de la salud y la enfermedad de los ancianos descendientes de ucranianos es un medio eficaz para generar conocimientos em el ámbito del desempeño de los profesionales de la salud y, en particular, de la enfermería. Este estudio tiene como objetivo interpretar las prácticas culturales del cuidado de la salud y la enfermedad de los ancianos de ascendência ucraniana, de una comunidad rural en São José dos Pinhais, Paraná. La siguiente tesis impregna el estudio: las prácticas culturales del cuidado de la salud y la enfermedad de los descendientes de ucranianos ancianos fueron moldeadas por la cultura de origen. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo con enfoque microetnográfico, basado en el método de Spradley y MacCurdy. El tema cultural se basa en el marco teórico de la Teoría de la Diversidad y Universalidad del Cuidado Cultural (TDUCC) de Madeleine Leininger. Las personas mayores de60 años o más se seleccionaron como participantes clave según los criterios de inclusión/exclusión preestablecidos. La información etnográfica fue recolectada en los escenarios de la Unidad Básica de Salud, espacios colectivos de la comunidad y en los hogares de ancianos, de agosto de 2017 a marzo de 2020, utilizando las técnicas de observación participante y entrevista etnográfica. Los registros se realizaron de forma manual y digital, en diario de campo, grabadora de audio y cámara. La información etnográfica se analizó simultáneamente com la colección, mediante la construcción de dominios culturales y taxonomías. El tema cultural surgió tras el cierre de dominios y taxonomías. De los análisis etnográficos surgieron seis dominios culturales y taxonomías: 1) comportamientos, rituales y actividades cotidianas: una forma de preservar las costumbres y tradiciones de origen de los ancianos descendientes de ucranianos; 2) la farmacia del patio trasero: hierbas y plantas medicinales que se utilizan para mantener la salud y prevenir/tratar enfermedades; 3) hábitos diarios: formas de cuidar la salud; 4) dar y recibir: lugares de sociabilidad para sentirse bien, para permanecer activo y útil; 5) itinerario religioso de la casa a la iglesia: rituales y prácticas religiosas como forma de mantener y pedir salud, protección y curación en caso de enfermedad / dolencia; 6) itinerario de salud y prácticas culturales: atención de la salud y enfermedad. El tema cultural, titulado "Manifestaciones mágico-religiosas: de la pureza al rostro oculto de la salud y la enfermedad", expresó los principios recurrentes en forma de aseveración, que los ancianos expresan como prácticas de salud y enfermedad. Las manifestaciones mágico-religiosas expresan un cuidado cultural representativo, ya que hay una intervención de curaciones mágicas y poderes divinos presentes en la vida de estos ancianos. La pureza representa la conciencia ingenua de los ancianos, expresada simbólicamente en prácticas que se pueden mantener. Las prácticas que se revelan como una cara oculta de peligro deben negociarse o reestructurarse. El estudio mostró que las prácticas culturales del cuidado de la salud y la enfermedad no solo fueron moldeadas por la cultura de origen, sino que también se basan en un multiculturalismo distribuido en la cultura de origen rural y en las manifestaciones mágico-religiosas. El estudio subvenciona acciones y decisiones de cuidados de enfermería acordes con la cultura de las personas mayores de ascendencia ucraniana, con miras a la mejora y eficácia de los cuidados prestados.

Diferencias del somatotipo entre niños mapuche y no mapuche de 12 - 13 años de Malleco ­ Araucanía ­ Chile / Somatotype Differences Between Mapuche And Non-Mapuche Children Of 12 - 13 Years Old From Malleco - Araucania - Chile

Los estudios somatotípicos y su descripción de la configuración morfológica humana permitir apreciar impactos en hábitos alimentarios y sedentarismo. Este estudio determinó la diferencia somatotípica niños mapuche (NM) y no mapuche (NNM) de Malleco, Chile. Se evaluaron a través del protocolo ISAK, 160 niños con edad media de 12,5 años, talla 145,5 ± 3,5 cm y peso 43,7 ± 3 kg., Obteniendo las siguientes clasificaciones: Grupo 12 años, Mapuche; Meso-endomorfos. Grupo no mapuche 12 años; Endo-mesomorfo. Grupo 13 años, mapuche; Meso-endomorfos. Grupo no mapuche 13 años; Endo-mesomorfo. Los resultados indican que para la edad de 12 años, los NM presentan valores más bajos de endomorfía y valores más altos de mesomorfía (p≤0.01) que NNM. Los NM de 13 años presentaron valores más bajos de endomorfía y mesomorfía (p≤0.01) que NNM. En conclusión,

Somatotypic studies and their description of the human morphological configuration allow to appreciate impacts on eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. This study determined the somatotypic difference in Mapuche (NM) and non-Mapuche (NNM) children from Malleco, Chile. Through the ISAK protocol, 160 children with a mean age of 12.5 years, height 145.5 ± 3.5 cm and weight 43.7 ± 3 kg were evaluated, obtaining the following classifications: Group 12 years, Mapuche; mesoendomorphs. Non-Mapuche group 12 years; Endomesomorph. Group 13 years old, Mapuche; Mesoendomorphs. Non Mapuche group 13 years old; endomesomorph. The results indicate that for the age of 12 years, the NM presented lower values of endomorphy and higher values of mesomorphy (p≤0.01) than NNM. The 13-year-old NMs presented lower endomorphy and mesomorphy values (p≤0.01) than NNM. In conclusion, Mapuche schoolchildren present a mesomorphic predominance, however, NNM present a predominance of the endomorphic component.

Forensic Application of ForenSeqTM DNA Signature Prep Kit in Zhengjiang She Ethnic Group / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To evaluate the ability of the ForenSeqTM DNA Signature Prep kit (ForenSeq kit) in analyzing the sequence information of STRs in Zhejiang She ethnic group and its forensic application efficacy.@*METHODS@#A total of 50 Zhejiang She ethnic group samples were sequenced with the ForenSeq kit on the MiSeq FGx platform. The data was analyzed using ForenSeqTM universal analysis software to obtain the motif structure and flank regions of the 58 STRs, then compared with PCR-CE typing results to test the consistency. At last, the allele frequency and population genetic parameters were calculated.@*RESULTS@#A total of 448 sequence polymorphic alleles were detected in 50 samples of Zhejiang She ethnic group. Compared with fragment length polymorphism detected by PCR-CE, 82 alleles were increased by MPS detection based on ForenSeq kit, and 7 SNPs variation were detected in the flanking regions of 6 loci. The 22 male individuals were genotyped, and total 19 haplotypes were detected in 24 Y chromosome STRs of these 22 males. The cumulative discrimination power of the 27 autosomal STRs was 1-8.87×10-30, the cumulative probability of exclusion of duo-testing was 0.999 999 962 640 657, the cumulative probability of exclusion of trios-testing was 0.999 999 999 999 633.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Based on MPS typing technology, using the ForenSeq kit greatly improves the detection efficiency. In addition, the 58 STRs have good genetic polymorphisms in Zhejiang She ethnic group, which are suitable for individual identification and paternity identification in forensic application.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression Among Karen Hilltribe Elderly Population in Thailand

@#Introduction: Depression among older population in community has been identified as a significant problem to improve care and quality of life. Although prevalence rates for Thai older population have been established in many parts of Thailand, there are still an under-recognition of depression among ethnic minority older people in Thailand. Hence, this study aimed to investigate depression in Karen older population, one of hilltribe groups in the northern part of Thailand. The objective of the study was to find prevalence rate and associated factors related to depression in Karen hilltribe elderly in Doi-Luang district, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Methods: Cross sectional study was carried out in the outpatient primary care clinic of Doi-Luang hospital, a community hospital. Total 174 Karen elders aged ≥ 60 years were randomly selected and PHQ-9 was applied to assess depression by clinician researchers in the Karen version. Demographic characteristics and factors associated with depression were collected by structural questionnaire. Results: The average age of participants were 69 ± 8 years. The prevalence of depressive mood was 11.49% (95% CI 7.50 - 17.21). Binary logistic regression revealed that associated factor of depression among Karen older people was marital status (OR = 6.66, 95% CI 2.31-19.23, P<0.001). Conclusion: Depression was found to be one of mental health problems in Karen older people. A validated screening tool which considers the Karen culture and language is a useful tool for the detection of depression in the ethnic group elderly leading to its prevention and provision of care.

Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism in Zhejiang She Population Based on Next Generation Sequencing / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the genetic polymorphism of whole mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） genomes in She population in Zhejiang and to explore the maternal genetic structure of the She population. Methods Whole mtDNA genomes of 231 unrelated individuals from She population in Zhejiang Province were sequenced. The number of mutations and population genetics parameters such as, the haplotype diversity （HD）, discrimination power （DP）, and random match probabilities （RMP） were analyzed. The mtDNA haplogroups of Zhejiang She population were classified, and the maternal genetic relationships between She and nine other Chinese populations were estimated. Results In 231 Zhejiang She samples, 8 507 mutations （702 types） were observed and the samples were classified into 94 haplogroups. The HD, DP and RMP values were 0.998 6, 0.994 2 and 0.005 8, respectively. The lowest genetic differentiation degree （Fst=0.006 89） was detected between Zhejiang She population and southern Han population. Principal component analysis （PCA） and median-joining network analysis showed that the genetic distance of Zhejiang She population with Guangxi Yao, Yunnan Dai and Southern Han populations was relatively close, but the population still had some unique genetic characteristics. Conclusion The whole mtDNA genomes are highly polymorphic in Zhejiang She population. The Zhejiang She population contains complex and diverse genetic components and has a relatively close maternal genetic relationship with Guangxi Yao, Yunnan Dai and Southern Han populations. Meanwhile, Zhejiang She population has kept its unique maternal genetic components.

CBCT study of the root and root canal morphology of mandibular second molars in a population in western Guangxi / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To observe the root and root canal morphology of mandibular second molars in Western Guangxi by CBCT, to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.@*Methods@#In total, 564 patients′ 1 128 mandibular second molars that satisfy the inclusion criteria were analyzed with a planmecaromexis CBCT machine and its own image analysis software. The patients′ gender, age and ethnic differences in the root and canal morphology and the symmetry of the bilateral root and canal were statistically analyzed. @*Results@# Among the 1 128 mandibular second molars, 662 were the Zhuang ethnic group and 384 were the Han ethnic group, and 82 were other ethnic groups; the double root type and C-shaped root type accounted for a relatively high proportion: 73.94% and 24.47%, respectively. The detection rates of the double root type were higher in males than in females (P < 0.05); the detection rates of the C-shaped root type were higher in females than in males (P <0.05); the root type of the teeth was mainly double-rooted in the Zhuang ethnic group (P<0.01). The incidence of type IV in the mesial root of the double root type mandibular second molar was the highest (P < 0.01), and the incidence of type I in the distal root was the highest (P < 0.01). The C-shaped root canal is more continuous at the mouth of the root canal, more downward corresponds to a worse continuity: in three different levels of root canal orifice, root middle and root apex, the root canal orifice is dominated by the C1 type, and both root middle and root apex are mainly C3-type (P < 0.01). The difference in symmetry of bilateral roots and root canals was statistically significant among different gender groups, age groups, and ethnic groups (P < 0.05): there were more males than females, the results in the 18-35-year-old group and the Zhuang ethnic group were higher.@*Conclusion@# The root and root canal morphology of mandibular second molars in western Guangxi people are complex and changeable. The roots are mainly double root type in the Han ethnic group and the Zhuang ethnic group. C-shaped roots are also common. The detection rate of C-shaped roots in the Zhuang ethnic group was higher, and the symmetry rate of bilateral roots and that of bilateral root canals was higher in the Zhuang ethnic group than in the Han ethnic group.

Cuerpo y cosificación sexual: percepciones en la comunidad indígena shuar

RESUMEN Objetivo: Traer a la comunidad científica las voces del pueblo Shuar, sus percepciones sobre los cuerpos y la cosificación sexual por la influencia de occidente en el contexto de la colonización y la globalización. Material y Método: Se aplicó el paradigma de investigación interpretativo, con enfoque cualitativo, mediante entrevistas en profundidad y un grupo focal. La muestra se seleccionó por conveniencia; participaron 24 personas: hombres y mujeres shuar del Cantón Morona entre los 14 a 60 años que firmaron consentimientos informados. Los discursos de los informantes fueron grabados, transcritos y procesados en Atlas ti, y analizados por las investigadoras. Resultados: Las personas shuar que participaron en la investigación perciben que la comunidad shuar ha sido absorbida por la lógica de occidente; reconocen la ideología capitalista globalizada por el consumo y materialismo; perciben que los cuerpos femeninos shuar, pero también los masculinos, se han cosificado, que los imaginarios juveniles apuntan hacia lo sensual y erótico, menos biológico; a la vez creen que los comportamientos sexuales han sido modificados por la influencia de la pornografía; evidencian la existencia de pornografía exótica; creen que la prostitución es abundante en la etnia shuar, pues ofrece una oportunidad económica y es mayormente voluntaria; se evidencia una conciencia social de resistencia de los líderes comunitarios y la generación adulta. Conclusiones: Los principales resultados dieron cuenta de una nueva conceptualización del cuerpo; se manifestó la cosificación sexual por la prostitución y pornografía.

ABSTRACT Objective: To present to the scientific community the voices of the Shuar people, their perceptions about bodies and sexual objectification caused by the influence of the Western World in the context of colonization and globalization. Material and Method: The interpretative research paradigm was used, with a qualitative approach, through in-depth interviews and a focus group. The sample was selected by convenience; 24 people participated: Shuar men and women from the Morona Canton in Ecuador, between the ages of 14 and 60, who had previously signed informed consents. The informants' responses were recorded, transcribed, processed in Atlas.ti software, and analyzed by the researchers. Results: The Shuar people who participated in the research perceive that their community has been absorbed by the logic of the Western World; they acknowledge the globalized capitalist ideology of consumption and materialism; they perceive that the Shuar female bodies, but also the male ones, have been objectified; that the juvenile mindset focuses more on eroticism and less in biological aspects; they also believe that sexual behaviors have been modified by the influence of pornography, evidenced by the existence of exotic pornography; they believe that prostitution is abundant in the Shuar ethnic group because it offers an economic opportunity and is mostly voluntary; a social awareness of resistance emerges from community leaders and the adult generation. Conclusions: The main results showed a new conceptualization of the body; sexual objectification was manifested by prostitution and pornography.

RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar à comunidade científica as vozes do povo Shuar, suas percepções sobre os corpos e a objetificação sexual causada pela influência do mundo ocidental no contexto da colonização e globalização. Material e Método: Aplicou-se o paradigma interpretativo de pesquisa, com uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e um grupo focal. A amostra foi selecionada por conveniência e participaram 24 pessoas: homens e mulheres Shuar do cantão de Morona no Equador, com idades entre 14 e 60 anos que haviam assinado previamente o consentimento informado. As respostas dos informantes foram gravadas, transcritas e processadas no programa Atlas.ti, e analisadas pelas pesquisadoras. Resultados: O povo Shuar que participou da pesquisa percebe que a comunidade foi absorvida pela lógica do Ocidente, reconhece a ideologia capitalista globalizada do consumo e materialismo; percebe que os corpos femininos Shuar, mas também os masculinos foram objetificados e que o imaginário juvenil se concentra mais no erotismo e menos nos aspectos biológicos; também acredita que os comportamentos sexuais foram modificados pela influência da pornografia, evidenciada pela existência de pornografia exótica; acredita que a prostituição é abundante no grupo étnico já que oferece uma oportunidade económica e é principalmente voluntária; uma consciência social de resistência emerge dos líderes comunitários e da geração adulta. Conclusões: Os principais resultados mostraram uma nova conceituação do corpo; a objetificação sexual foi manifestada pela prostituição e pornografia.

Allelic polymorphism of 13 rare blood group systems in Li Ethnic Group in Hainan / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To detect alleles of rare blood group systems of red blood cells (RBC) of Duffy, Diego, Kidd, Dombrock, MNS, Lutheran, Kell, Colton, Scianna, YT, Knops, Indian and Vel of Li Ethnic Group in Hainan, so as to investigate the distribution characteristics of rare blood group alleles and provide references for safe blood transfusion. 【Methods】 The genotypes of 13 rare blood group systems in 300 Li people in Hainan were analyzed by PCR-SSP, and the gene frequency was analyzed . 【Results】 The allele frequencies of Duffy, Diego, Kidd, Dombrock, MNS, and Lutheran blood group systems of 300 Li people were as follows: Duffy: Fya=0.958 3, Fyb=0.041 7; Diego: Dia=0.066 7, Dib=0.933 3; Kidd: Jka=0.450 0, Jkb=0.550 0; Dombrock: Doa=0.101 7, Dob=0.898 3; MNS: M=0.818 3, N=0.181 7, S=0.028 3, s=0.971 7, Mur+ =0.576 7; Lutheran: Aua=0.835 0, Aub=0.165 0. The antigen genes of Kell, Colton, Scianna, Yt, Knops, Indian, Vel blood group systems were not polymorphic, and the genetypes were kk, CoaCoa, Sc1Sc1, YtaYta, KnaKna, InbInb and Vel+, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The allele frequencies of Duffy, Diego, Kidd, Dombrock, MNS and Lutheran blood group systems of Li ethnic group in Hainan were polymorphic, while the allele frequencies of Kell, Scianna, Yt, Knops, Colton, Indian and Vel blood group systems were monomorphic.

Memória dos Troncos Velhos: um estudo sobre memória social entre ciganos / Memory of Troncos Velhos: a study on social memory among gypsies

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as memórias práticas entre membros de uma comunidade cigana do estado do Espírito Santo, com cultura territorial seminômade, tradição oral e domínio linguístico do kaló. Foram realizados registros de informações em diários de campo e entrevistas individuais e em profundidade com cinco homens e cinco mulheres, com idades acima de 50 anos, integrantes das primeiras gerações da comunidade. Foi utilizado instrumento com roteiro semiestruturado explorando temas salientes à vida do grupo. As narrativas obtidas foram sistematizadas com o auxílio da classificação hierárquica descendente, procedida por meio do Programa Alceste. Entre os principais resultados encontrados, destacam-se as "relações de gênero e práticas cotidianas", "tradições e costumes" e "transformações em curso". Espera-se que o desenvolvimento deste estudo possa contribuir para ampliar o corpo de conhecimento produzido acerca da população cigana a partir de suas próprias narrativas.

The present study aimed to analyze the practical memories among members of a gypsy community from the State of Espírito Santo, with semi-nomadic territorial culture, oral tradition and mastery of language karó. Information records were made in field diaries and individual and in-depth interviews with five men and five women, aged over 50 years old, who were members of the first generations of the community. An instrument with a semi-structured script was used, exploring themes relevant to the group's life. The narratives obtained were systematized with the aid of the descending hierarchical classification, proceeding through the Programa Alceste. Among the main results found, "gender relations and everyday practices", "traditions and customs" and "ongoing transformations" stand out. It is hoped that the development of this study may contribute to expand the body of knowledge produced about the gypsy population from their own narratives.

Lewis Blood Group Percentage Distribution among Indigenes of Ogoni Ethnicity in Rivers State, Nigeria

Aim: We attempted to determine the frequencyand percentage distributionof Lewis blood group antigens among indigenes of Ogoni ethnicity in Rivers State, Nigeria.Study Design:The study consisted of 101 Ogoni people, who were apparently healthy and free from transfusion transmissible infections confirmed by serological screening. Ogoniland is located along the Niger Delta Eastern edge, and to the north-east of the Imo River and Port Harcourt city. All subjects were recruited and their blood samples were collected. The presence of Lewis-a and -b (Lea/Leb) blood group was examined using Anti-Leaand Lebmonoclonal antibody, respectively (Lorne Laboratories).Results:Leaand Lebblood group was observed in 17.8%and 11.9%, respectively.Conclusion:Leaand Lebin this population was observed less frequently than those in other population previously reported. The Lewis antigen was reported to be associated with thrombotic disorders and Helicobacter pylori infection. Further studies may be directed to examine the association between Lewis blood group antigens and the risk of these conditions in Ogoni subjects